近几年的高考单项填空试题不断加大对综合运用能力的考查力度。命题者进一步淡化了单一型的语法题，而将几个知识点从不同角度集于一道试题中进行考查，试卷中多考点、多角度的语境题型增加。然而，有些考生不加分析，仅凭借自己的“经验”（其实是“定势思维”）答题，结果造成了不应有的失误。本文拟列举一些常见的解题失误，破解失误原因，寻求解题对策，希望能帮助考生在高考中闯关成功。
失误一：仓促下手，没能理清句式结构而造成误选
例：The farm as well as its neighboring hills we once spent so much time on a new look as recently as last year.
A. on has taken B. has taken
C. on having taken D. having taken
分析：易错选B或C，we once spent so much time on是定语从句，on后所填是谓语动词，由as well as，together with， like， but， besides， including， in addition to等连接的两个部分，其前面的部分才是主语，因此谓语应与the farm一致，用单数形式。本题正确答案为A。
失误原因：这类考生犯了经验主义错误。没仔细理清句子结构，甚至连题目都没有读完就仓促下手。
对策：把句子读完，找出句子的主干（主、谓、宾），用括号去掉细枝末节（如各种从句、非谓语动词短语、插入语等），句子结构便一目了然了。例如:
Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, , of course, made the others unhappy.
A. who B. which C. this D. what
将题中的插入语of course去掉，就很容易看出后半部分是由which引导的一个非限制性定语从句,which代替前面整个句子的内容，答案为B.
失误二：由于信息过长而无法准确定位造成误选
例：How about the two of us a walk after dinner?
A. will have B. have C. to have D. having
分析：对how about doing的句式考生了如指掌，但加上the two of us后，使得许多考生找不到句子的主干。实际上the two of us是动名词的逻辑主语。本题正确答案为D。
失误原因：缺乏对所学句式灵活变通的能力。再比如there be 句型，可以有There used to be/will be/is going to be/have(has/had) been/would be/can be/may be/ might be/must be/seem to be/appear to be/happen to be/be likely to be等不同形式；并且其中的be还可替换成live/lie/exist/stand/remain等表示存在的动词。
对策：在平时的学习中要注意各种句式的变换，答题时要有一双“火眼金睛”，识破出题者故意设置的冗余信息“陷阱”。
失误之三：受母语干扰而造成误选
例：－What shall I do if I meet with some new words?
－That's easy. You can .
A. look up your dictionary
B. look your dictionary up
C. look up them in your dictionary
D. look them up in your dictionary
分析：选了A、B的考生是受了母语的干扰，汉语是“查词典”，“词典”是宾语，而look up的宾语不是词典，而是要查的单词或短语。本题正确答案为D。
失误原因：缺乏英语思维，母语干扰是错选的重要原因。
对策：充分利用母语优势，加强英汉词汇、语法方面的比较，排除母语干扰；对英汉表达差别较大的用法要特别注意，养成用英语思维的习惯。
失误之四：忽视标点符号而造成误选
例： some of the juice － perhaps you'll like it.
A. Trying B. Try C. To try D. Have tried
分析：考生由于对破折号的忽视而将前半部分看成是非谓语，容易误选A或C。其实在这里，破折号相当于and。本题正确答案为B。
失误原因：由于粗心没注意标点符号或对标点符号的用法不甚了解。
对策：切莫小视小小的标点符号，在平时的学习中要弄清英语标点符号的功能、作用；答题时更应留意标点符号的使用，特别是逗号、分号、感叹号以及破折号的使用。试比较：
1. They believe that the spirit remains with the body for 3 days, someone always stays with the dead person.
2. They believe that the spirit remains with the body for 3 days; someone always stays with the dead person.
A. so during this time B. during which
C. during which time D. so when
1和2两题只有一个标点符号的差别，但答案截然不同。2句中用的是分号，因而是并列句，答案为A；1句中用的是逗号，后面是一个非限制性定语从句，答案选C。
失误之五：忽视语境而造成误选
例：Jenny have kept her words. I wonder why she changed her mind.
A. could B. might C. would D. should
分析：由“我不知道她为什么改变了主意”可以推知“本应该守信”。但有些考生没能把握整个句子的语境，而是从自己的思维角度出发，误选了B 答案。本题答案为D。
失误原因：忽视句子的语境是导致失误的主要原因。
对策：近几年的高考单项填空题越来越重视在具体的语境中考查英语基础知识的运用，因此，考生在答题时一定要充分把握好了语境后才能做出选择。
失误之六：由于句子成分缺少造成的误选
例：－What do you think made Mary so upset?
－ her new bicycle.
A. As she lost B. Lost
C. Losing D. Because of losing
分析：考查动名词短语做主语的用法。该句实际上是个省略句，补充完整应该是“Losing her new bicycle made Mary so upset.”，losing在此处是动名词，与her new bicycle一起构成动名词短语做主语。答案A、D是回答why的问题，而不是回答what的问题。本题正确答案为C。
失误原因：题干中出现了省略结构，不能将其补全而导致理解上的偏差。
对策：当题干中出现省略结构导致理解困难时，可采用“补全法”将其省略的句子成分补充完整，这样就会消除因句子成分的缺失而导致的思维断层，使理解变得容易起来。
失误之七：由于非正常语序而造成的误选
例：So difficult it to live in an English- speaking country that I was determined to learn English well.
A. I have felt B. have I felt
C. I did feel D. did I feel
分析：本题题干使用的是倒装语序，还原成正常语序为：I felt so difficult to live in an English-speaking country that I was determined to learn English well.又因在so...that...状语从句中，如果把so提到句首，主句要使用部分倒装语序，从句部分不倒装，所以本题答案为D。
失误原因：没能看清句子的本来面目。
对策：对一些非正常语序的句子，如疑问句、被动句、倒装句、感叹句以及强调结构等，宜采用“结构还原法”，还原为自然语序，恢复其本来面目。
实战演练:
1.－Clothes in Shanghai are not very expensive, are they?
－Yes, they are ______ in Beijing.
A. less expensive than B. much cheaper than
C. more expensive than D. as cheap as
2.I would love _______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A. to go B. to have gone
C. going D. having gone
3. －Next week we'll have finished the final English exams.
－Yes? Then, every minute must be made full use English.
A. of studying B. to study
C. of being studied D. of to study
4.The bank is reported in the local newspaper in broad daylight yesterday.
A. to be robbed B. robbed
C. to have been robbed D. having been robbed
5. What is the way Della thought of enough money to buy Jim a Christmas gift?
A. to get B. got C. getting D. having got
6.It was for this reason her uncle moved out of New York and settled down in a small village.
A. which B. why C. that D. how
7.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see the next year.
A. carry out B. carried out
C. carrying out D. to carry out
8.－Is John coming by train?
－He should, but he not. He likes driving his car.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
答案与简析：
1.C。注意英汉思维的不一致现象。答语yes意思是Yes, they are very expensive.因此选C, “比北京的还贵”。
2.B。would/should love/like后只能跟不定式，跟不定式的一般式表示动作将要去做，跟完成式表示“虚拟”意义，意思是“本来想要去做”（但未做成）。
3.D。还原为主动语态：We must make full use of every minute to study English.
4.C。去掉地点状语in the local newspaper,即：The bank is reported in broad daylight yesterday.可直接看出该句是 “be reported/said/believed/known...+ to do/to have done sth.”句型，动词rob与其逻辑主语the bank是被动关系，时间状语yesterday是过去，故应该用不定式的完成被动式。
5.A。考查不定式做定语的用法。Della thought of是定语从句。
6.C。这是一个强调句。卸载强调结构后句子依然成立。
7.B。考查动词see带复合宾语的用法。还原后为：...they would like to see the plan carried out the next year.
8.D。如果从语法角度考虑，四个选项均可，但从文后的He should与He likes driving his car来看，应选择表达猜测语气的情态动词may。
